Quantum Computing: Principles and Potential Applications

Abstract

Quantum computing uses principles of quantum mechanics to process information in ways that differ from conventional computing. Instead of relying only on classical bits, quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits, whose states can involve superposition and entanglement. These properties may enable speedups for particular classes of problems, including some simulations of quantum systems and certain mathematical tasks. Yet current devices remain technically challenging, and quantum computers are not expected to outperform classical machines for every application. This article introduces key concepts, outlines potential uses, and explains major engineering challenges.